January 2016 Vol.4 No.1

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Original Research Article

Clinical signs and pathologic lesions of highly pathogenic avian influenza in Indonesia: A threat to Indonesian poultry

R. Wasito^1*, Hastari Wuryastuti¹, Rachmat Pambudy² and Roger K. Maes³

¹Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
²Faculty of Animal Husbandry, Institut Pertanian, Bogor, Indonesia
³Virolgy Section, Department of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, E. Lansing, MI, USA

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: wst_ugm@yahoo.com

Accepted December 21, 2015

Abstract

We have studied the clinical signs and pathological lesions responsible for the property characteristic of primary avian influenza type A H5N1 subtype during the 2003 to 2005 outbreaks of the H5N1 influenza viruses in Indonesia. The highest number affected flocks were in layer chickens, with only limited number of quail flock, backyard chicken flock, ducks flock and live-bird markets infected. Those poultry originated from provinces in East Java, West Java, Central Java and Yogyakarta. Depression and droopiness, loss of appetite, sudden drop in egg production, neurologic dysfunction, respiratory distress and diarrhoea were common clinical signs manifestations of the avian influenza infection. Grossly, the most severe and consistent lesions included cyanosis (purplish-blue coloring) of wattles and comb, edema and swelling of head, eyelids, comb, and hemorrhages in the skeletal muscles and feet. Interestingly enough that the quails had only a severely decreased in the general condition and food intakes, and also showed neurologic disorders and diarrhoea. Grossly, the quail lacked significant gross lesions as those seen in the chickens. The clinical signs and pathologic anatomic lesions were analogous to those experimentally induced with other highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in domestic poultry.

Keywords: Avian influenza, H5N1, clinical signs, pathological lesions, Indonesian poultry