November 2021 Vol. 9 No.11

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Original Research Article

Influence of Hormones in Pregnant Women with Hypertensive Disorders from Ekiti and Oyo States, Nigeria

OLADELE Funmilola Comfort^1*, CHARLES-DAVIES Mabel Ayebatonyo², OJENGBEDE Oladosuakanbi³ and AGBEDANA Emmanuel Olubolaji⁴

¹Department of Medical Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti.
²Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.
³Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan.

*Corresponding Author's E-mail: funmilola.oladele@eksu.edu.ng

Received: 13 October 2021  I  Accepted: 23 November 2021  I  Published: 26 November 2021  I  Article ID: MRJMMS21081
Copyright © 2021 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Abstract

This study was aimed at investigating the influence of hormones in pregnant Nigerian women with hypertensive disorders. The study was a prospective cohort study. The participants were pregnant women attending the clinics for antenatal care in four different tertiary health facilities in Nigeria. A total of 521 participants were enrolled in the study out of which 34 developed different types of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (HDP). After an overnight fast, about 12 millilitres of venous blood sample was collected aseptically from the antecubital vein of each participant without HDP at baseline, second trimester, third trimester and those with HDP at point of development of hypertension respectively. Placental growth factor (PLGF), leptin and insulin were assayed using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The mean values for insulin was increasing from first to second and third trimester while that of PLGF and leptin decreased from first to second trimester and peak in the third trimester. The findings of this study showed that placental growth factor, a vascular endothelial hormone promoting angiogenesis is an early biomarker and predictor of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. To the best of our knowledge, this hormone has not been estimated in Nigerian pregnant women. Early screening of leptin and insulin may be useful in early prediction of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy in Nigeria pregnant women who may develop hypertensive disorders. Defective placental implantation which lead to endothelial dysfunction and reduced perfusion revealed PLGF as a biomarker and predictor of HDP in the second trimester of pregnancy. Elevated serum leptin and insulin which led to increase in placental-associated factors resulting in maternal disease appear to be strong biomarkers and predictors of HDP in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.

Keywords: Hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, Insulin, Leptin, Placental growth factor