June 2020 Vol. 8 No.6

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Review

Lifestyle, Quarantine, Diabetes and COVID-19

Florin Mihălțan¹, Maria Moța², Anca Hâncu^3*, Adela Gabriela Ştefan⁴ and Anca Pantea Stoian¹

¹"Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari, Bucharest,Romania, 050474
²University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 2 Petru Rares, Craiova, Romania, 200349
³Nutriscience clinic,18Pictor Barbu Iscovescu, Bucharest, Romania, 011935
⁴Calafat Municipal Hospital, 5 Traian, Calafat, Romania, 205200

*Corresponding Author's E-mail: ancahancu@gmail.com
Tel.: 0040723203101

Received: 28 May 2020  I  Accepted: 20 June 2020  I  Published: 28 June 2020  I  Article ID: MRJMMS-20-080
Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Abstract

The objective of this narrative review is to describe the complex, bi-directional relation between diabetes and COVID-19, with a special attention to quarantine period and lifestyle implications. The scope will be to draw attention through the importance of a healthy lifestyle implemented at populational level. A dramatic pandemic event raised at the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became an important threat for health all over the world. COVID-19 occurs more frequently in patients withpoor glycaemic control, and SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause loss of glycaemic control and can even induce severe ketoacidosis if blood glucose monitoring is inadequate and antidiabetic treatment is not adjusted if necessary. Main risk factors for COVID-19 are: age more than 65 years, comorbidities such as diabetes, hypertension, obesity, cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney, lung, liver diseases, etc. The occurrence of severe forms of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes (type 1, type 2, or gestational) may be due to the fact that over 50% of these patients have at least one of the comorbidities listed before. All patients diagnosed with COVID-19 will be screened for diabetes, as SARS-CoV-2 can destroy pancreatic β cells, and on the other hand, it can increase insulin resistance, causing new-onset diabetes.Moreover, all patients with COVID-19 will be monitored in the medium and long term, as they may develop insulin-dependent diabetes by triggering SARS-CoV-2 induced immune mechanisms. Described as ”an obesogenic period” quarantine is favourising an unhealthy lifestyle, marked by anxiety. Recognized benefits of mandatory mass quarantine must be weight against long term adverse effects mainly on cardiovascular risk burden. Social distance measures may induce stress, anxiety or even depression. Isolation, quarantine limits social interactions and may have consequences on weight both by energy intake and physical activity. In conclusion, the future will build more on healthiness, prevention and creating a healthy lifestyle.

Keywords: COVID-19, Diabetes, Lifestyle, Obesity, Quarantine