April 2020 Vol. 8 No.4

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Original Research Article

Osteoporosis, a Bigger Threat for Upcoming Generations in Saudi Arabia

Waleed Mohammad Awwad¹, Rohail Mumtaz^1*, Khalid Alsaleh¹, Meshal Abdulhameed Alohali², Abdulaziz Almaawi¹, Abdulaziz N. Aljurayyan¹ and Abdulmonem Alsiddiky¹

¹Orthopedic Surgery Department, King Saud University, Riyadh.
²Emergency Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: dr.rohail@gmail.com, +966550624278.

Received: 09 April 2020 I Accepted: 19 April 2020 I Published: 24 April 2020
Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Abstract

Osteoporosis remains a significant public health challenge worldwide with high prevalence in the developed countries. Lifestyle plays an important role to develop osteoporosis in Saudi Arabia with low calcium intake and lack of physical activities, which predicts an increase in osteoporosis among the population. The purpose of this study was to assess the rate of undiscovered osteoporosis in Saudi population. A total of eighty healthy participants were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. Both genders above the age of fifteen years were included. While those who were diagnosed to have Osteoporosis, fragility fractures or on antiresorptive medications were excluded. Their peripheral dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (pDEXA) were measured at calcaneus, furthermore their carbon mono oxide levels were measured to determine smoking status. Patient range was mostly young to middle showed association of low Bone Mineral Density (BMD) with smoking while six of the participants with low BMD were non-smoker. Participants with sport activity on a regular basis showed better T-score when compared to those who did not perform sports. The T-score difference was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.001. In another finding the average T-score of post-menopausal candidates was lesser than those who have not reached menopause yet. The mean difference between these two groups showed the p-value ofp 0.034. Study highlights the deleterious effect of smoking and lack of sporting activities which significantly potentiates loss of bone mineral density. By increasing smoking cessation community campaign awareness by community healthcare professionals may likely helpful to reduce the prevalence of osteoporosis in the region.

Keywords: Lack of physical activity, Lifestyle, Low calcium diet, Osteoporosis, Smoking