October 2018 Vol. 6 No.10

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Original Research Article

Rhinological Problems at Agricultural-industrial Area, Rabak City, Sudan

Mujtaba Alrayah^1*, Aimun A. E. Ahmed², Ibrahim Awad Eljack³, Rajab Alzahrani¹ and Majdi S. Altahir⁴

¹Unit of Otolaryngology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Baha University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 1988.
²Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum Sudan, P.O. Box 2587 and Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 1988.
³Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bisha University, Saudi Arabia, P.O. Box 67711.
⁴Specialist of Otolaryngology,Rabak Teaching Hospital, Rabak, Sudan

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: muj536@yahoo.com

Accepted October 24, 2018

Abstract

Background: Rhinological disorders were increasingly observed at Agricultural-industrial areas at Rabak city.
Study Objectives: The study aimed to identify the prevalence of nasal disorders and to find if there is a relationship between them and participants residence in an Agricultural- industrial area.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional descriptive conducted during the summer of 2017, a well-structured questionnaire was used to screen (n=297) participants at Rabak city for nasal disorders. Nasal examinations were conducted using Killian’s nasal speculum and nasal endoscope to reach the diagnosis, and then suitable management was approached followed by clinical outcome assessment, whilst the association of the two main risk factors; Smoking and Asthma were evaluated. Data were analyzed statistically and manipulated in a suitable way.
Results: Majority of participant (28.6 %) were at (20-40) years old of both sex living at urban industrial part of Rabak city, the study revealed that most of nasal problems were combinations of 3 nasal symptoms (28.4) or more which include; nasal discharge, nasal itching, loss of smell, epistaxis and nasal blockage. The most prevalent nasal disorder alone was nasal blockage (12.5%) and nasal itching (4.5). Pale nasal mucosa and hypertrophied nasal turbinate were noticed more on patient with 3 nasal symptoms (40%) and (19.3%) respectively. Patients with 3 nasal symptoms were diagnosed as Allergic rhinitis (28.4%) and were treated medically (21%) with reported outcome of (22.7%). Strong association was also observed between nasal blockage and the risk of smoking and bronchial Asthma in patient with AR in multi-variable analysis with Odds ratios; [(2.251(95% CI: 3.355±15.672, p = <0.000)) and ((5.456 (95%CI: 2.393±12.439, p= <0.000)], respectively.
Conclusion: Allergic rhinitis was reported as a common disorder with main nasal blockage symptom triggered by smoking and highly associated with bronchial asthma among population lived at Rabak city agricultural and industrial area. It was recommended that, Smoking should be prohibited for all industrial areas resident, whilst asthmatic patients were recommended to live away.

Keywords: Nasal problems, Allergic rhinitis, Industrial area, Smoking, Asthma, Nasal blockage