October 2020 Vol. 8 No.10

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Lovelyn BN
Fonkou T

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Original Research Article

In Vitro Introduction of Cameroonian Cassava Varieties Through Meristem Culture Technique

Bihnchang-Ngwa Lovelyn^1*, Mapiemfu-Lamare Delphine², Tchentsoak Foka Vanessa⁴, Fornkwa Victorine Yaya¹, Dzelimnyuy Nsaidzeka Nardine⁴, Njualem Dominic Kumbah⁴, Ngome Ajebesone Francis⁶, Fotso³, Theophile Fonkou⁵

¹Biotechnology Laboratory, Roots and Tubers Section, Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) Bambui, PO Box 80 Bamenda, North West Region, Bamenda, Cameroon
²Department of Agronomic and Applied Molecular Sciences, University of Buea Cameroon / P.O. Box 63 Buea, South West region Cameroon
³Department of Biology, University of Bamenda, P.O. Box 39 Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
⁴College of Technology (COLTECH), University of Bamenda, P.O Box 39 Bambili, North West Region, Cameroon
⁵Unité de Recherche de Botanique Appliquée, Dschang School of Science and Technology, Post Graduate School, University of Dschang, P.O.Box 222 Dschang, West Region, Cameroon
⁶Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD)Nkolbisson, Yaoundé, Cameroon. B. P. 2123 Yaoundé

*Corresponding Author's Email: bihlovy@yahoo.com
Tel: 237 677023411
 
Received: 17 September 2020  I  Accepted: 06 October 2020  I  Published: 25 October 2020  I  Article ID: MRJASSS-20-035
Copyright © 2020 Author(s) retain the copyright of this article.
This article is published under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0.

Abstract

Availability of disease-free, high yielding cassava planting material is a challenge to producers. This study focused on evaluating the ability of improved and local varieties to be introduced for the first time in vitro. Meristem tip culture was used to regenerate in vitro plantlets of cassava varieties in Cameroon. Three improved (8034, 8061 and 8017) and two local varieties (black stem and Madame) were taken from the IRAD cassava breeding programme and locally from farmers’ fields respectively. Five meristems were cultured per replicate (4) per variety. The number of meristem tips sprouting, rooting, the number of nodes and plant height were recorded weekly over a period of seven weeks. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.0. One-way Analysis Of Variance was used to compare the means. Means separated using the Turkey test at probability level 0.05. Meristem tips of all varieties regenerated plantlets with vigorous shoots and roots. Sprouting began in the first week and mean number sprouted per replicate ranged from 1.32 (Madame) to 3.32 (8061). Root formation began from the 4th week and mean number ranged from 0.29 (Madame) to 1.00 (8061). Regenerated shoots of all varieties had average nodes ranging from 0.29 (Madame) to 1.55 (8061). Height of regenerated plantlets ranged from 5.88mm (8017) to 13.08mm (Black stem). All the cassava varieties tested can be introduced in vitro for rapid multiplication of planting material.

Keywords: Disease-free, Manihot esculenta Crantz, Plant regeneration, Rapid multiplication, Seed production