February 2017 Vol. 5 No.2

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Mohamed AI
Hassan MAA

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Original Research Article

Mapping of Groundwater Quality in Northern Sinai Using GIS Technique

Ahmed Ibrahim Mohamed^* and Mohamed A. A. Hassan

Soil and Water Department – Faculty of Agriculture – Suez Canal University – Ismailia – Egypt - 41522

*Corresponding Author’s E-mail: ahmed_shabaka@yahoo.com
Tel.: +201010035003

Accepted February 13, 2017

Abstract

The present study aims to assess the quality of water wells scattered in the northern part of the province of Sinai, and estimate their suitability for use in irrigation of agricultural crops as a source or tributary of sustainable development in the Northern Sinai. To achieve this goal were collected 21 samples of groundwater from wells in different locations in the northern Sinai to conduct chemical analyzes and assess their suitability for irrigation. The water samples well were recorded for each well location using a GPS (Global Position System) for signing the maps to illustrate the distribution of the samples (wells) in the study area. Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) images, a geographic information system (GIS) and field work collections of water samples were integrated to identify the groundwater potential areas in the Northern Sinai. This is in addition to four resulted Kriging models (Simple, Ordinary, Disjunctive and Probability) were tested for all 21 water well samples and mapping of the wells studied, as well as the signing of the most important results obtained from chemical analysis and evaluation of different values for those water wells in the study area. Statistical analyzes were performed chemicals characteristics of water quality, according to United States Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) to assess the validity of water for irrigation for all water samples collected. The parameters determined were, temperature (T), total concentration of salinity (EC), concentration of cations and anions, hydrogen ion concentration average (pHc), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), sodium adsorption ratio adjusted (Adj SAR), proportion of modified sodium (Adj RNa), percentage of sodium dissolved (SSP), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), effort salinity (PS), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), effective salinity (ES), Langelier Saturation Index (LSI), which expresses the extent of calcium carbonate saturation of the water, Ryznar Index (RI) expresses the ability of the water to make erosion, (pHs) and reflects the degree of acidity of the water when there is a saturation with calcium carbonate, and guide Saturation Index (SI). The results showed that the pH values were in the right range (7.4 to 8.8), and the salt concentration ranged from 0.4 to 16.2 dS/m. The concentration of the Cations in the appropriate term with the rule of sodium ion, followed by calcium, and anions were also at the appropriate term with the rule chloride followed by sulfate. The quality indicators they indicate that the salt concentration of the water wells located between the higher (42.37%), and very high (49.24%). The values of sodium adsorption ratio were in the appropriate range 88.55% less than 10%. And other quality indicators were between appropriate and higher in some cases.

Key words: Groundwater, North Sinai, GIS, Water Quality