February 2017 Vol. 5 No.2

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Dheyab AH

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Original Research Article

Influence of crude and emulsified crude oil on some properties of clay soil

Ali Hamdhi Dheyab

Dept. of Soil Science and Water Resource, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah / Iraq

E-mail: alialmaliki302@yahoo.com

Accepted January 27, 2017

Abstract

A study was conducted to evaluate a modified and direct applied method of crude oil as conditioner after emulsification oil with irrigation water (oil: water emulsion). Clay soil was used to investigate the effect of three factor, the first factor: Pulverization soil index (P), (measured by mean weight diameter of soil clods ) with two indices, high (p₁) and low (p₂) with mean weight diameter (MWD) (17.026 and 10.511 mm) respectively; the second factor: crude oil applied method (C) with three treatment, control 0% (c₀), crude oil 0.5 % w/w mixing with irrigation water (c₁) and (c₂) treatment, crude oil 0.5 % w/w mixing with water and emulsified by add artificial emulsifying agent (Anionic surfactant: Sodium Dodocyl Sulphate coconut fatly acid; third factor: initial moistening (W) with two treatment, field capacity (w₁) and saturation percent (w₁) mention to water volume which used to applied in C₀, C₁ and C₁ treatment to soil. The results showed that the most of hydrocarbon compounds (with percent 82 %) accumulated in 0 – 15 cm depth, while about 18 % of total hydrocarbon compounds penetrate to 15 – 30 cm. Emulsification crude oil with water increased significantly the diffusion and penetration of hydrocarbon compounds at C₂ treatment from 0 – 15 cm depth to 15 – 30 cm depth up to duplication compared with c₂ with c₁ treatment with percent 68 % and 36 % for 0 – 15 cm and 15 – 30 cm depth, respectively. It was observed that increasing pulverization index from p₂ to p₁ and initial moistening level from field capacity (w₁) to saturation percent (w₁) causes slight increasing of penetrated hydrocarbon compounds percentage at 15 – 30 cm depth for about 2 % and 3 %, respectively. The results showed c₁ and c₁ treatment causes significant increase in mean weigh diameter (MWD) and soil porosity (f %) associated with significant decreasing in soil bulk density (Pb) compared with C₀ treatment, with significant superiority of c₂ treatment which, its effect reached to whole of soil depth 0 – 30 cm over c₁ treatment which, its effect restricted chiefly at 0 – 15 cm depth, also the results showed a slight decrease in MWD and soil bulk density with slight increase in soil bulk density as increasing initial moistening level from w₁ to w₂ level and at decreasing pulverization index from p₁ to p₂ level, this impact be happen chiefly in 0 – 15 cm depth at C₀ treatment

Key word: Crude oil, Pulverization index, mixture, Emulsifying agent, (Oil: water) emulsion.